Породы собак
Шар-пей
Внешний вид
Шар-пей – это компактная, крепкая собака среднего размера, максимальная высота в холке которой составляет 51 см, а вес – около 20 кг (пропорционально росту).
Туловище шар-пея квадратного формата, конечности сильные, лапы компактные. Шея крепкая, с выраженным подвесом. Голова широкая, с плавным переходом ото лба к морде. Морда объемная, с крупной мочкой носа. На лбу и щеках имеются кожные складки. Язык у шар-пея синеватый, что несколько роднит его с чау-чау. Глаза некрупные, миндалевидной формы, темного цвета. Уши треугольной формы, небольшие, висячие, посажены высоко. Хвост средней длины, находится выше уровня спины и слегка загибается на спину.
Кожа у шар-пея складчатая и свободная. Шерсть короткая и жесткая. Именно степени жесткости шерсти порода обязана своим названием: «шар-пей» переводится с китайского как «песочная кожа». Окрас однотонный, может быть любым, кроме белого.
Характер
Шар-пей – это собака с сильным характером. В меру свободолюбивая и независимая, в меру упрямая. Вне зависимости от обстоятельств, всегда держится с присущим ей достоинством.
Подозрительный к незнакомцам, шар-пей невероятно предан своей семье. Серьезный и спокойный, он с легкостью находит подход к детям, обращается с ними бережно и аккуратно – и выступает в роли ответственного воспитателя.
Однако отношения с другими домашними животными выстраиваются не так гладко, как с членами семьи. К своим собратьям шар-пей нередко бывает агрессивен, поэтому важно социализировать его с детства.
В жизни шар-пея дрессировка и воспитание – это одни из главных приоритетов. Собаки нуждаются в настойчивых занятиях, однако воспитательная и дрессировочная работа должна быть деликатной. Как правило, учатся шар-пеи усердно, но быстро теряют интерес к скучным занятиям и некомпетентным тренерам. Грубое обращение с этой умной и гордой собакой неприемлемо, оно не принесет никакой пользы, а лишь вызовет недоверие и неуважение питомца.
Здоровье
В целом, у шар-пеев крепкое здоровье, однако нередко встречаются кожные заболевания, проблемы с суставами, аллергические реакции. Подавляющее большинство из них – следствие неправильно ухода. Поэтому, чтобы избежать проблем со здоровьем питомца, необходимо следовать рекомендациям по содержанию и не забывать о профилактических осмотра у ветеринарного врача не менее 2 раз в год.
Средняя продолжительность жизни шар-пея составляет 9 лет.
Уход
Шар-пей прекрасно подходит для квартирного содержания, однако для хорошего самочувствия и правильного развития ему необходимы ежедневные продолжительные прогулки.
В уходе эти собаки довольно неприхотливы. Их короткую шерсть достаточно вычесывать всего 1 раз в неделю. Особое внимание уделяется кожному покрову. В складках кожи нередко скапливается грязь, которая может спровоцировать кожные заболевания. Ее необходимо своевременно удалять.
Шар-пеи склонны к полноте, их ни в коем случае нельзя перекармливать. В остальном уход за собаками стандартный.
История
Некоторые особенности роднят шар-пея с чау-чау, к примеру, их синеватый язык. По одной из версий, предками обеих пород были полярные волки, но не те, которых мы знаем сейчас, а представители давно вымершего вида.
Родиной шар-пеев, как и чау-чау, является Китай. Эта порода также очень древняя, и сейчас шар-пеи по-прежнему нередко встречаются в китайских провинциях. Они используются в качестве сторожей, охотничьих и гуртовых собак.
В Европу же шар-пеи были завезены в 1980 году. Эта необычная порода и сегодня считается экзотической и является притягательной для огромного количества собаководов.
Интересный факт
Существует красивая китайская легенда о шар-пее, объясняющая особенный цвет его языка. Однажды в Китае была великая засуха, и животные отправили шар-пея в высокие горы на поиски Будды, от которого они ждали помощи. Добравшись до самой высокой горы, шар-пей так и не встретил духовного учителя. Изнемогая от усталости и жажды, он лизнул небо, по цвету напоминающее воду. С тех самых пор у шар-пея синий язык. А Будда, наблюдавший за волшебным преображением из укрытия, поведал собаке о том, как прекратить засуху.
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